| Sixth
Semester
Pokhara
University
B.Sc. Biochemistry (Revised Syllabus)
Biotech
321 Biotechnology and Biodiversity
1.
Modern Biotechnology: What is biotechnology?, Ancient Biotechnology,
Classical biotechnology, The foundation of Modern Biotechnology
2.
The DNA Revolution: Promise and controversy: The early
years of Molecular Biology, The first recombinant DNA Experiments, Concerns
about safety, Drafting the NIH guidelines, Current and future concerns.
3.
Gene expression: DNA structure, DNA replication, The gene,
RNA, Transcription, proteins, Genetic code, Translation, Regulation of
gene expression, Eukaryotic gene expression, Understanding and exploiting
gene expression
4.
Basic Principles of rDNA technology: Cutting and joining
DNA, Separating restriction fragments and visualizing DNA, Cell transformation,
Cloning vectors, Constructing and screening a DNA library, Southern Blot
hybridization, PCR, Protein methods, Application of rDNA technology.
5.
Microbial Biotechnology: Commercial production of microorganisms,
Bioconversions, Microorganisms and agriculture, Products from microorganisms,
Bioremediation, Oil and mineral recovery, Microorganisms and the future.
6.
Plant Biotechnology: Plant tissue culture and applications,
Applications of plant genetic engineering, Genetic engineering and public
concerns, Plant genetic engineering and future.
7.
Animal Biotechnology: Gene transfer methods in animals, Transgenic
animals, Animal diseases, Animal propagation, Conservation biology, Regulation
of transgenic animals, Patenting genetically engineered animals.
8.
Marine Biotechnology: Aquaculture, Marine animal health,
Algal products, Fuels from algae, Algal cell culture, Medical applications,
Probing the marine environment, conservation, Terrestrial agriculture,
Transgenic fish.
9.
The Human Genome Project: The human genome; Goals of the
human genome project; Genetic linkage maps; Polymorphic DNA markers; Physical
maps; Integrating genetic linkage and physical maps; DNA sequencing; Ethical,
Legal and Social implications.
10.
Medical Biotechnology: Gene therapy, Gene delivery methods,
Viral delivery, Gene therapy methods, Commercialization of gene therapy,
Vaccines, Synthetic DNAs, Therapeutic Ribozymes, Synthetic drugs, Tissue
engineering, Xenotransplantation, Antibody engineering, Cell-adhesion
based therapy, Drug delivery.
11.
Forensic and DNA profiling: Satellite DNA, Population genetics
and alleles, Multilocus minisattellite VNtRs, Single locus minisatellite
VNTRs, RFLPs, Methods of DNA profiling, Technical considerations, PCR,
Digital DNA typing, Population comparisons, the Frye test, DNA databases.
12.
Regulation, Patents and Society: Regulation of biotechnology,
The coordinated Biotechnology framework, Is the framework effective?,
The deliberate release of genetically engineered organisms, Risk assessment,
How much Risks?, Patents and Biotechnology, What about the future?
Text
Book:
Barnum
SR, 1998, Biotechnology: An introduction. Thomson,Books/Cole,Vikash Publishing
House.
Biochem
322 Microbial Biochemistry
Section I: Recent Advances
in Bacterial Biochemistry
1.
Anaerobic Oxidation of Ammonia, Annual Reviews of Microbiology,
2004-58:99-117
2.
Bacterial CO2 fixation, Annual Reviews of Microbiology,
1998,52:191-230
3.
Bacterial Membrane Lipids, Annual Reviews of Microbiology,
2003,57:203-24
4.
Bacterial Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Annual Reviews of Microbiology,
2001,55:305-32
5.
Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Annual
Reviews of Microbiology, 2002,56:657-75
Section II:
Recent Advances in Fungal Biochemistry
1.
Aspergillus Enzymes Involved in Degradation of Plant, MICROBIOLOGY
AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, Vol. 65, No. 4 Dec. 2001, p. 497-522
2. Molecular Regulation of beta-Lactam Biosynthesis in Filamentous
Fungi, MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, Vol. 62,
No. 3 Sept. 1998, p. 547-585
3. Thermophilic Fungi: Their Physiology and Enzymes, MICROBIOLOGY
AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, Vol. 64, No. 3 Sept. 2000, p. 461-488
Section III:
Medical Microbiology
1.
Infective Syndrome
2.
Diagnostic Procedure
3.
Strategy of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
4.
Epidemiology and control of community infections
5.
Hospital Acquired infections
6.
Prophylactic Immunization
Section
IV: Microbial Ecology
1.
Microbial evolution and Biodiversity
2.
Interaction among Microbial Population
3.
Interaction between Microorganism and plants
4.
Microbial interaction with animals
Text
Book:
1.
Greenwood D, Slack RCB and Peutherer JF, 1998, Medical Microbiology,
15th Edition ELST with Churchill Livingstone (Chapter: 63—68)
2.
Atlas RM and Bartha R, 2000, Microbial Ecology, 4th
Edition, Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, (Chapter 2—5)
Biochem
323 Plant Biochemistry
Section
I
Photosynthesis
: light energy utilization to produce ATP and NADPH; The Benson
– Calvin cycle; Photorespiration ; C4 photosynthesis ; Crassulacean acid
metabolism
Section
II
Plant
Lipid Metabolism : Chemistry of plant lipids; fatty acid biosynthesis;
triacylglycerol biosynthesis; membrane lipid biogenesis; lipid catabolism
and turnover; cutins, suberins and waxes; plant membranes
Section
III
Primary
Nitrogen Metabolism : nitrogen fixation; nitrate uptake
and reduction; ammonia assimilation; aspargine metabolism; aminotransferases;
the aspartate family; the branced chain amino acids; biosynthesis of proline
and arginine; sulphur amino acids; histidine
Section
IV
Phenolic
Metabolism : Shikimate/arogenate pathway; phenylalanine/hydroxycinnamate
pathway; phenylpropanoid pathways; hydroxycinnamate conjugates;
hydroxybenzoates; flavonoids; lignins; lignans and neolignans; tannins;
quinines
Isoprenoid
Metabolism : Genera pathway of terpenoid biosynthesis;
monoterpenois; diterpenoids; triterpenoids; carotenoids; polyterpenoids;
conrol and compartmentation of isoprenoid biosyntheses
Text
Book:
Plant
Biochemistry edited by P. M. Dey and J. B. Harborne Academic Press Indian
edition 2000
Biostat
324 Biostatistics
Section
I
Introduction
to medical Research: The scope of statistical and epidemiology; The
scope of statistical methods in medicine; Role of statistics in preventive
medicine observations in medicine; Types of biological data (scales of
measurement)
Study Designs in Medical
Research: Classification of study designs; Observational studies;
Experimental studies or clinical trials; Meta analysis and review papers;
Advantages and disadvantages of different study designs.
Section
II
Summarizing data
and presenting data in table and graphs: Sources and presentation
of data, displaying numerical data in table and graphs, measures of location
and percentiles, variability and its measures, normality test of data.
Research questions
about relationship between variables: Correlation, comparing two correlation
coefficients; other measures of correlation; linear regression, use of
correlation and regression, sample sizes for correlation and regression.
Section
III
Probability and
related topics for making inferences about data: The meaning
of the terms "probability"; Population and samples; Random variables
and probability distribution sampling distributions; Estimation and hypothesis
testing.
Section
IV
Research questions
about one group: A mean in one group when the observations are
normally distributed; Research questions about a proportion in one group;
Means when the same group in measured twice, proportions when the same
group is measured a single group when the observations are not normally
distributed; Mean difference when the observations are not normally distributed;
Finding the appropriate sample for research.
Research questions
about two separate or independent group: Decisions about means in
two independent groups; Decisions about proportions in two Independent
groups; Finding sample size for proportions in two groups.
Text
Book:
Basic
and clinical biostatistics – Beth Dawson and Robert G. Trapp
Ref. Biostatistical Analysis
– Jerrold H. Zar |
