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Fourth Semester

Fourth Semester

Pokhara University

B.Sc. Biochemistry (Revised Syllabus)

 
Chem 221 Quantum Chemistry, Molecular Spectroscopy  and Group Theory )

Section I

The Motivation for Quantum Mechanics:  The ultraviolet catastrophe, The Photoelectric effect, Quantization of Electronic angular momentum, Wave particle duality. The Schrodinger Equation:  The time independent Schrodinger equation. Postulates of  quantum mechanics, Particle in a one Dimensional Box, Particle in a three – dimensional Box

Section II

Harmonic Oscillator, Rigid Rotor, Angular Momentum, hydrogen like atom, Eigen function and probabilities functions for hydrogen like atoms,  Orbital angular momentum of the hydrogen like atom

Section III

Molecular Spectroscopy of diatomic molecules: Rotational and Raman spectra of rigid and  non rigid molecules, vibrational and Raman vibrational spectra of harmonic and anharmonic molecules, Rotation - vibration  and Raman Rotation - vibration spectra

Section IV

Group Theory :Symmetry operations and elements, Group’, Method of classifying groups (point groups), Martix Representation,  reducible representation, irreducible representation , Construction of Character table and its properties.

Text Book:

1. “Physical Chemistry” Alberty and Silbey.

2.A Brief Review of Elementary Quantum Chemistry  C. David Sherrill http://vergil.chemistry.gatech.edu/notes/quantrev/quantrev.html 

3.A primer to Group Theory for Chemists Vishwanath P. Agrawal


Bioenergetics and Metabolism I (Biochem 222): For 2006 Batch

Section I

The Metabolism of Glycogen in Animals: Regulation of Metabolic Pathways, Coordinated Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis, Coordinated Regulation of Glycogen Synthesis and Breakdown, Analysis of Metabolic Control

Section II

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway:  Glycolysis, Feeder pathways for glycolysis, Fates of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions; Gluconeogenesis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway of glucose oxidation.

Section III

The citric acid cycle:  Production of acetyl CoA, Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle, Regulation of citric acid cycle. The glyoxylate cycle.

Section IV

Oxidative Phosphorylation: Oxidative Phosporylation, Electron-Transfer Reactions in Mitochondria, ATP Synthesis, Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation, Mitochondrial Genes: Their Origin and the Effects of Mutations, The Role of Mitochondria in Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress

Bioenergetics and Metabolism I (Biochem 222): For 2005 Batch

Section I

Principles of Bioenergetics: Bioenergetics and Thermodynamics, Phosphoryl Group Transfers and ATP, Biological Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

The Metabolism of Glycogen in Animals: Regulation of Metabolic Pathways, Coordinated Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis, Coordinated Regulation of Glycogen Synthesis and Breakdown, Analysis of Metabolic Control

Section II

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway:  Glycolysis, Feeder pathways for glycolysis, Fates of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions; Gluconeogenesis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway of glucose oxidation.

Section III

The citric acid cycle:  Production of acetyl CoA, Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle, Regulation of citric acid cycle. The glyoxylate cycle.

Section IV

Oxidative Phosphorylation: Oxidative Phosporylation, Electron-Transfer Reactions in Mitochondria, ATP Synthesis, Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation, Mitochondrial Genes: Their Origin and the Effects of Mutations, The Role of Mitochondria in Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress

Text book: 

Nelson DL and Cox MM (2003) Lehninger Principles of biochemistry, 4 th Edition, WH Freeman and Company, New York .

 


Biochem 223 ( Molecular Biology): For 2006 Batch

Section I

Genes and Chromosomes: Chromosomal Elements, DNA Supercoiling, The Structure of Chromosomes

 

Section II

DNA Metabolism: DNA Replication, DNA Repair, DNA Recombination

 

Section III

RNA Metabolism: DNA dependent synthesis of RNA, RNA processing, RNA dependent synthesis of RNA and DNA

 

Section IV

Protein metabolism: Genetic code, Protein Synthesis, Protein targeting and degradation

Regulation of Gene expression: Principles of Gene regulation, Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes, Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes

 

 

Biochem 223 ( Molecular Biology): For 2005 Batch



Section I

Genes and Chromosomes and DNA metabolism: Chromosomal elements, Size and sequence structure of DNA molecules, DNA supercoiling, Chromatin and nucleoid structure
DNA replication, DNA repair, DNA recombination

Section II

RNA metabolism: DNA dependent synthesis of RNA, RNA processing, RNA dependent synthesis of RNA and DNA

Section III

Protein metabolism: Genetic code, Protein Synthesis, Protein targeting and degradation

Section IV

Regulation of Gene expression: Principles of Gene regulation, Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes, Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes


Text book:

  Lehninger Principles of biochemistry” Nelson and Cox.4th   edition.Macmillion Worth Publisher.

 

Biol 224 ( Human Biology)

Section I

(i)   General Introduction.  Importance of Human Biology.  Terminology of anatomical and Physiological terms.
(ii)  Nutrition.  Constituents of food:  Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, Mineral salts and water.

Section II

(i)    Digestive System: Digestive organs and physiology of digestion.
(ii)   Respiratory System; Respiratory organs and physiology of respiration.

Section III

(i)     Circulatory System:  Structure and function of heart.  Arterial and venous system in brief.
(ii)    Reproductive system:  Reproductive organs and physiology of reproduction.

Section IV

(i)      Endocrine glands
(ii)     Sense organs: Eye and ear.

Text Book :

Erelyn Pearce Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses


Biochem 225 ( Bioinformatics I)

Section I

Overview of bioinformatics: The scope of bioinformatics, Bioinformatics and the Internet, Useful bioinformatics   sites on the WWW
Data acquisition
: Sequencing DNA, RNA and proteins, Determination of protein structure, Gene  and protein expression data
Databases- contents, structure and annotation
: File formats, annotated sequence databases, Genome and organism-specific databases, miscellaneous databases.

Section II

Retrieval of biological data: Data retrieval with Entrez and DBGET/ LinkDB, Data retrieval with SRS (sequence retrieval system)
Searching sequence databases by sequence similarity criteria: Sequence similarity searches , Amino acid substitution matrices , Database searches :FASTA  and BLAST , Sequence filters , Iterative database searches and PSI-BLAST

Section III

Multiple sequence alignment: gene and protein families: multiple sequence alignment and family relationships, Protein families and pattern databases, Protein domain families
Phylogenetics
: Phylogenetics , Cladistics and ontology , Building phylogenetic trees, Evolution of macromolecular sequences
Sequence annotation
: Principles of genome annotation , Annotation tools and resources,

Section IV

Structural bioinformatics : Conceptual models of protein structure , the relationship of protein three-mdimensional structure to protein function, The evolution of protein  structure and function , obtaining, viewing and analyzing structural data, structural alignment, classification of proteins of known three- dimensional structure: CATH and SCOP , introduction to protein structure prediction , structure prediction by comparative modeling, Secondary structure prediction , Advanced protein structure prediction and prediction stratages

Text book:

Westhead, Parish and Twyman “ Bioinformatics” Viva Books Pvt.  Ltd.(Ist Ed. –2003)  

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